Conotoxins are originally a series of active peptides that are highly specific to different ion channels and nerve receptors secreted by the venom glands on the inner wall of the venom tube and venom sac of the marine gastropod mollusk Conus. Conotoxins are obtained through neuropharmacological design and bio-mimicry of natural conotoxins. As a regulator of neuromuscular conduction, conotoxins selectively block muscle-type sodium ion valve channels, relax striated muscles, and provide rapid and immediate anti-wrinkle effects. In addition, conotoxins can retain a certain degree of neuromuscular current conduction in muscles, thereby providing effective muscle relaxation, but not complete stiffness and paralysis, and the result is a natural wrinkle removal and smoothing effect.
Mu-conotoxins are peptides found in the venom of cone snails (genus Conus) that serve various functions, primarily related to their role as potent neurotoxins. Here are some key functions and effects of Mu-conotoxins:
1.Ion Channel Blockade:
2.Mu-conotoxins are known for their ability to selectively block specific ion channels in neurons. These ion channels include voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV), voltage-gated potassium channels (KV), and N-type calcium channels (CaV2.2). By blocking these channels, Mu-conotoxins can disrupt neuronal signaling and transmission.
3.Pain Modulation:
4.Some Mu-conotoxins target voltage-gated sodium channels involved in pain perception. By blocking these channels, they can potentially alleviate pain.
Research has focused on their potential as analgesics, particularly for chronic pain conditions where traditional painkillers may be ineffective or produce undesirable side effects.
5.Neurological Research:
6.Mu-conotoxins are valuable tools in neuroscience research due to their specificity in targeting ion channels. They help scientists study the physiological roles of these channels in neuronal function and their involvement in neurological disorders.
7.Potential Therapeutic Applications:
8.Beyond pain management, Mu-conotoxins are being investigated for their therapeutic potential in other conditions. This includes neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and movement disorders, where ion channel dysregulation plays a role.
9.Structure-Function Relationships:
10.Studying Mu-conotoxins provides insights into the structure-function relationships of peptides and their interactions with ion channels. This knowledge contributes to the development of new drugs and therapies targeting ion channels with high specificity.
11.Biodiversity and Evolution:
12.Mu-conotoxins contribute to the biodiversity of cone snail venoms, which are remarkably diverse in their peptide compositions. Understanding these toxins helps elucidate the evolutionary adaptations of cone snails and their predatory strategies.
Overall, Mu-conotoxins are remarkable molecules with potential applications in medicine, neuroscience, and pharmacology. Their ability to selectively target ion channels makes them valuable tools for both research and therapeutic development.
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Parameter | Specification |
---|---|
Molecular Weight | 804.018 g/mol |
Appearance | White to off-white powder |
Purity | ≥ 98% |
Storage | Store in a cool, dry place away from light |
Shelf Life | Two years when stored as directed |
< 1kg---Package: Alu-bag;
<10 KG/Al-Tin---Package: 2 pcs Alu-tin with box;
<25 KG--- Package: Drum (53*36*37cm)=0.07CBM N.G.:25KG, W.G.:28KG
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